Poetry and Worldly Wealth free essay sample

Andrew Lang portrays reality with regards to cash and what it intended to individuals during the 1800s and 1900s. He utilizes reiteration to plainly clarify his thoughts. Lang accepts that cash could either be acceptable or it could be malicious, I get everything depends by they way you use it and value it. The individuals in this sonnet are clerics, fighters, skippers and so forth. The fundamental thought is about how a few and a great many people just get things done for cash. The â€Å"Ballad of Worldly Wealth,† is a portrayal of how cash can bring pride and defilement into our general public. The type of this sonnet is an anthem. A ditties substance incorporate 3 verses, in any event 8 lines in every refrain, and a hold back (a rehashed expression toward the end purpose of a sonnet) an abstain in case of the Ballad of Worldly Wealth is â€Å"Youth, and wellbeing, and Paradise† The creator utilized counterfeit symbolism to portray cash as both a staple in the public eye, and as the symbol of the universes influence and debasement. We will compose a custom article test on Verse and Worldly Wealth or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There is a few talk designs found in the sonnet. The rhyme design is an End rhyme. Sonnets with end rhyme are those whose final expression of each line closes with a word that rhymes, for instance: â€Å"While the tides will ebb and (stream); Money maketh Evil (show)† Flow and show are two separate words, anyway both have rhyming sounds. Additionally showed is equal development, a sentence, thought or statement that is given a contradicting thought. In this announcement, â€Å"Money moves the shippers all, While the tides will recurring pattern; Money maketh Evil show, Like the Good, and Truth like lies† it tends to be seen that the restriction is of that cash is the thing that makes life as we know it possible. Anyway cash additionally makes insatiability, and makes the individuals consider the to be as something to be thankful for, when actually its each of the a falsehood.

E-Commerce Business Technology Society

Question: Talk about the E-Commerce for Business Technology Society. Answer: Presentation Electronic business has taken a huge pace in the forming of the worldwide economy. The financial business has extensively embraced e-business and ceaselessly tried to grow its association in online business. Most banks utilize the business to buyer (B2C) sites in connecting about the entirety of their clients in various areas (Sohani, 2009). The purpose behind picking the financial part is that with the acquaintance of innovation with direct business, it has significantly affected banks working in the economy. The financial business has generally received B2C e-plan of action to widen the piece of the overall industry and offer quality types of assistance to clients. This conversation depends on the Australian financial segment where the utilization of online business have empowered the banks to improve and enhance amazing client the executives techniques just as serving clients better through the advancement of new items and administrations as favored by the clients. The National Australia Bank, Westpac, and Commonwealth Bank, all situated in Australia give e-business administrations to their customers through B2C model. The URL for National Australia Bank is, (https://www.nab.com.au/), Westpac URL is, (https://www.westpac.com.au/), and the site for Commonwealth Bank is, (https://www.commbank.com.au/individual/online-banking.html). The motivation behind this article is to depict and look at the manners in which the sites of these three banks address the 7Cs of e-plans of action. Portrayal and Comparison of the Companies Websites Organizations sites assume a huge job towards business achievement. The financial segment utilizes locales to achieve different showcasing techniques of new proposals by the organizations in the market to help business development (Laudon Traver, 2008). These three Australian Banks utilize open sites as expressed above in concentrating on the showcasing, deals and client care exchanges with the end client utilizing the B2C model to address the 7Cs of advertising. Content Identity The site of National Australian Bank (NAB), https://www.nab.com.au/, address the 7Cs of the client interface. The substance of the webpage has excellent movements and realistic plans that cause clients to feel great and addition enthusiasm for executing on the web business with the bank (Laudon Traver, 2008). For Westpac, the URL, https://www.westpac.com.au/, utilizes the component of HTTPS and this makes it a lot simpler for clients to visit the organization's site. Route Between Sites Customization is vital to the accomplishment of e-business. District bank's site is, https://www.commbank.com.au/individual/online-banking.html permits the clients to customize the website. In contrast to the networks for NAB and Westpac, this site empower clients to customize Hi5 and MySpace where simple route into the organization's social destinations is mind boggling. Download The URL, https://www.westpac.com.au/, of Westpac makes it simpler to download the recordings for Westpac items than it is when utilizing the NAB and Commonwealth bank's site. The site page of Westpac is significantly connected to different locales of different organizations, and this guarantees simple access to its items when contrasted with different banks in Australia. Designs The utilization of designs in an organizations site assumes a tremendous job in e-business achievement. The visual part website pages of Westpac, Commonwealth, and NAB have incredible hues and pictures that are deliberately intended to pull in the bank clients. While NAB and Commonwealth have alluring illustrations and activitys, Westpac's site has the best substance in that the hues, sounds, and recordings offered online for clients to see the bank's items. Connecting Capabilities The connecting abilities of the three organizations' sites affect accomplishment under the financial segment. Seize and Commonwealth banks utilize both Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 which present the best capacities in the general accomplishment of the organizations. Nonetheless, Westpac centers around the utilization of Web 2.0 creation it the best. Network Intentionally, networks are intended to empower the client to client correspondence. Ward's site leaves space for clients to customize their records. This makes a phenomenal correspondence stage between the bank and the clients over the web (Carol, Daniel, Jeffrey, Martin, William, 2012). Be that as it may, for protection of information, this is outlandish in NAB and Westpac. Security The sites of organizations should consistently empower business exchanges in the most secure and privy way. The three organizations sites address the issue of security with high consideration. Clients information and the data are remained careful and private to such an extent that it is unimaginable for fraudsters to hack the client's banks accounts (Sohani, 2009). This is the thing that has made the three organizations stay serious in the Australian financial industry. Suggestions The data and innovation administrator of NAB and Westpac should configuration web highlights and pages that permit their clients to customize the webpage since this assumes a noteworthy job in promoting its items and administrations. The supervisors of NAB and Westpac should duplicate Commonwealth Bank's way to deal with structuring an incredible substance that permits clients to see their items online through recordings; this instructs clients on the utilization and relevance of the administration in cash move. The three banks ought to endeavor to offer helpful cash move administrations to the clients, give speed and quality administrations, and look to build up connecting capacities to different destinations particularly for notable banks on the planet. References Tune, B. V., Daniel, D. W., Jeffrey, H. A., Martin, W. E., William, P. C. (2012). Overseeing Information Technolgy. New York: Prentice Hall. seventh Edition Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2008). Web based business: Business, Technology, Society. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. fourth Edition Sohani, A. (2009). Innovation and Banking Sector. India: ICFAI University Press. pp. 1-39

Flu shots

Flu shots Last Thursday, MIT Medical had a walk-in clinic at Walker, where MIT community members could walk in and get a flu shot. I was initially a bit reluctant to get the flu shot, because needles and injections terrify me, you know? I hated going to the doctor to get vaccines. I know they’re good for me, sure. I know how necessary they are. But I was really scared to get the shot because I’ve had really bad experiences with injections in the past. A bunch of people in our hall told me to get the shot. It’s really quick, they said.  The person giving me the shot last year even talked to me throughout so that I was distracted, they said. It’s not that bad. Well, it really wasn’t. During my lunch break, I went to Walker, and three minutes later, I got my flu shot. And I was awed. The flu shot clinic was one of the coolest things I’ve seen since I got here, and that’s high praise when you’re studying somewhere as cool as MIT. Let me explain why. Make a guess for how many people got their flu shots that day. The clinic was held for ten hours. How many? A thousand? Two thousand? Five thousand? For reference, in 2017 they had 7,500 in a single day, and in 2018 they had around 4,000. This year, MIT Medical gave out numbered stickers for each person they shot, going from 00001 and counting up. One of my friends on the floor I live in stuck his sticker on his door: The yellow sticker here was last year’s sticker. The red sticker was this year’s, and his number was 2,407. That means at least two thousand people got a flu shot. Later that day, during my 8.022 (Physics II) class, our professor was wearing his sticker. It was numbered somewhere in the three thousands. He reminded all of us to get our flu shots after the class if we haven’t yet. Here’s my sticker: The hallway on our floor has a door, and behind it were some more stickers that some of our residents put up: Seven thousand.  Eight thousand. In fact, the last number they gave out was  9,378. That’s an  insane number. Think about it. The clinic was open from 8 AM to 6 PM. That’s ten hours. And over nine thousand people got the flu shot. That’s about one shot every four seconds. the only reason i am blogging about this is to bring out this 2007 memeYou might even argue that maybe they skipped some numbers, maybe due to human error. True, but it’s still pretty likely at least nine thousand people were given shots that day. You might argue that there’s a lot of staff. Then consider it from the other perspective: most of the people I knew got in and went out in as fast as three minutes. The longest wait time I heard from my friends was around ten minutes, almost all of which was waiting in line. That’s fast. That’s insanely fast. The problem isn’t hard to state. How do you give flu shots to as many people as possible as fast as possible? I’m no expert, but I feel like their success was a combination of a really well-planned system and effective publicity. Here’s a sketch of how I remember the clinic to look like. It’s probably inaccurate, it’s missing a lot of details, but it’s already too complicated so I’m just going to give this: i spent too much time working on this rather than my psets To follow the picture, start from the bottom01 perhaps the graphic is not as well-designed as the flu shot clinic and continue upward. The largest contribution to the speed is probably the queueing system. The entire thing is a single queue up until step 5 in the above diagram, where you get sent to line up in front of one of the roughly eight table groups. Each table group had three tables. You then get sent to one of the tables, and someone types up your form. There are two people giving shots at each table, and as soon as one of them’s done, you sit down and get your shot. The queueing system felt so  organized. In the beginning, it’s a quick single file. It’s not like a line for a rollercoaster, which moved in bursts. This line was constantly moving, which helped make the clinic  feel fast. There also weren’t any bottlenecks, because as soon as you get assigned to a table group, you’ll get a shot soon after. Another cool thing about it is all the little details that make the experience so smooth. For example, when I came to the clinic, one of staff outside was shouting flu shot season! in a cheerful, singsong voice. That made me feel pretty welcomed. A sign also indicated how short the wait time was, which helped convince me to line up: image: MIT Medical There are copious amounts of signs and posters all the way through the route. There were also a lot of barriers set up, so there was really only one way to go throughout the whole process. The table groups were numbered with big balloons rather than tiny paper signs, so they were easy to spot. It felt very intuitive. The publicity is also amazing. The framing of the event was brilliant:  help us break a new record. Borrowing language from one of my favorite books, Made to Stick, it’s a very sticky tagline. Putting numbers on the stickers was a brilliant move as well; it made me feel like I was contributing to the record. It’s the kind of campaign that might not succeed elsewhere, but MIT Medical knew their audience. And it worked. And that’s not even the entire picture. It’s so cool you could write a whole paper about it. In fact, one of the upperclassmen on our floor  did write a paper on last year’s flu clinic, for one of her classes last year. I think my point wasn’t just to hype about how mind-bogglingly efficient the flu shot clinic is, or the ingenious publicity behind it, but the fact that people thought about this.  The people at MIT Medical didn’t only want to give flu shots. They wanted to give it in the most efficient way possible, to as many people as possible. They’re committed to make flu shots better and better with each year. That’s the kind of commitment you’ll find here at MIT, when people work to optimize something as seemingly trivial as flu shots. Sure, there are a lot of things here that could be better. A lot of things just downright suck. But there’s glints of effective, thought-out design everywhere, from campus tours, to signage, to hacking. It gives me hope that the things that suck will get better. If you missed the flu shot clinic last Thursday, they’re doing one more on Monday, October 21, from 2 PM to 6 PM at the Student Center. From October 22 to November 25, you can schedule an appointment for a shot at MIT Medical by calling their flu line 617-253-486. perhaps the graphic is not as well-designed as the flu shot clinic back to text ?

Essay on Interpersonal Conflict in Film American Beauty

Name: Shekira Ford Date: December 8, 2012 School: Sumter Central High School Facilitator: Mr. Eddie Jackson 8.6 Conflict Resolution Work File When typing your answers, please use black ink. Site 1 Conflict Management Style This activity will help you determine your natural style for dealing with conflict. It is useful to assess your predominant conflict management style(s) because we all tend to prefer one or two of the styles and at times may apply them inappropriately. Read the information available from the DSP Training Resources site in lesson 8.6. 1. What animal symbolizes your method for dealing with conflict? (name) (5 points). The Collaborating Owl Write a description of your conflict†¦show more content†¦Mutually agree on the time and place to discuss a serious issue. (10 points) â€Å"Hey Brianna, meet me at 12:00 a.m. in the cafeteria so we can discuss what happened in class today. 2. Use an I statement to express your feelings, identify the unwanted behavior and work toward resolution. (10 points) I feel angry when you are mean to me. The unwanted behavior is â€Å"angry† 3. Give equal time for both sides to be heard. INCLUDE BOTH SIDES OF THE CONVERSATION. (10 points) Talk about how each of you has contributed to the problem. Remember to use active listening skills. What I think I hear you saying is you are getting burned out and you would like to have a life outside of school.’ Correct me if I am wrong but arent you saying is all you do is things related to work.† Mirror their words â€Å"So, as I see it you will like a life outside of school You feel that all you do is things related to school As I get it, you feel that you don’t have time to yourself. I can see you are feeling you don’t have time to yourself 4. Brainstorm ways to resolve the conflict. (List at least two ways.) (10 points) 1. Agree on the rules of discussion before you begin; stick to the rules. 2. Remain on the topic; don’t bring up past hurts. 5. Discuss possible solutions. (List at least two solutions.) (10 points) 1. Give equal timeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie American Beauty By Sam Mendes902 Words   |  4 PagesApplication Critical Analysis – Chapter 11 The movie â€Å"American Beauty† (1999) by Sam Mendes directly relates to the topics discussed in Chapter 11 of the text. This film is a narrative by the main character, Lester Burnham, a 42-year-old advertising executive who is a father and husband. Lester has an issue with his wife, Carolyn, is tense. This broken relationship affects their daughter, Jane, who is unhappy and struggles with self-esteem matters. Lester’s relationship is further broken whenRead MoreCase Study 2 Hollywood1665 Words   |  7 Pagesof U.S. culture do Hollywood films promote around the world? Can you observe any positive effects of Hollywood movies on world cultures? 2. Culture plays a key role in business. In what ways have movies influenced managerial tasks, company activities, and other ways of doing business around the world? Can watching foreign films be an effective way of learning how to do business abroad? Justify your answer. 3. Hollywood movies are very popular abroad, but foreign films are little viewed in the UnitedRead MoreEating Disorders, Body Image Gender Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorders, body image and gender remain as a very complex interlinked web. Eating disorders affect people from all demographics and are caused by multiple factors. They arise from a combination of a long-standing biological, behavioural, emotional, interpersonal, psychological as well as social factors. Research also suggests that eating disorders impacts some segments of the LGBTQ populations as well. Our society places enormous value on being physically attractive in general and on being thin in particularRead MoreAn Allegorical Reflection on the Mexican Revolution4344 Words   |  18 Pageswill illustrate how this focus upon the role of women within the era of the Mexican Revolution is more a reflection of contemporary gendered-social roles than an accurate portrayal of Revolutionary ideals. To paraphrase Andrà ©s de Luna, how has the film sifted Mexican history for what was of interest: situations, characters, and themes? (174) Based upon Laura Esquivel’s fictional novel of the same name (1989), Like Water for Chocolate is an epic historical melodrama that spans three generations ofRead MoreOrganizational Behavior, Mintzbergs Managers3841 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction The theory our group will be discussing and explaining in depth is the leadership styles of top management using Mintzberg’s managerial roles. Mintzerg named ten different roles, all separated into three categories. The first category is interpersonal. This includes figurehead, leader, and liason. The second category is informational which includes monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson. The last category is decisional which includes entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocatorRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 Pageswhite men as women (Basow, 1992 p. 159), or children’s programming, in which males outnumber females by two to one, or newscasts, in which women make up 16% of newscasters and in which stories about men are included 10 MEDIA’S MISREPRESENTATION OF AMERICAN LIFE The media present a distorted version of cultural life in our country. According to media portrayals: White males make up two-thirds of the population. The women are less in number, perhaps because fewer than 10% live beyond 35. Those whoRead MoreIdeology and American Television: Analysis of Nip/Tuck2306 Words   |  10 PagesChanges Introduction The best form of fantasy is a depiction of what we covet and cannot attain, as mere viewers. As a result, most television series will depict fantasy as a form of entertainment, and it is usually labeled the â€Å"American Dream.† Achieving the American Dream without sacrifice, however, is unrealistic and suggests an ideal in itself. There is always a price to pay to become self-made and successful, and this type of sacrifice becomes be the grounds for a familiar subtext, much likeRead MoreNestle Kasambuhay Habambuhay Films4005 Words   |  17 PagesCritique on the Filipino values presented in the films with emphasis on the following: emotion and motivation; family relations; smooth interpersonal relations, cognition and world view. Movies can and do have tremendous influence in shaping young lives in the realm of entertainment towards the ideals and objectives of normal adulthood. - Walt Disney (1901 – 1966) Walt Disney was right in saying that movies really do play a role in shaping young lives in what it is expected of them when theyRead MoreHow Women Are Portrayed in Media6769 Words   |  28 Pagesgames are wearing revealing clothing, 23% are showing cleavage. Magazine ads show a dismembered female body, with parts, instead of the whole, a practice that according to media activist, Jean Kilbourne, turns women into objects. Disney movies, from Beauty and The Beast to Aladdin show slender, unrealistically curvaceous, and quite vulnerable young women, who are dependent on male figures for strength and survival, not their own sense of empowerment. Media stereotyping of women as objects and helplessRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC

Jacobs Krönung - 1002 Words

Jacobs Krà ¶nung Case study: „Jacobs Krà ¶nungâ€Å" Jacobs Krà ¶nung-brand In Germany coffee has become the beverage, which is drunk the most, even more than bier and mineral-water. And beside lots of famous brands like Nescafà ©, Illy, German has also already created their own coffee brand â€Å"Jacobs Krà ¶nung†. For more than 40 years this brand has appeared as the most favored coffee of German. In 1895, Johann Jacobs opened in Bremen, Germany, his special shop with coffee, cacao, chocolates, biscuits. Then they developed their business with own roastfactory and until now they have been succeed to build the most popular German â€Å"Jacobs Krà ¶nung†- Jacobs coronation. Jacobs has provided coffee with the slogan â€Å"Verwà ¶hnaroma† - â€Å"indulge aroma†. So the†¦show more content†¦And there is also the stereotype, German always attaches special importance to the quality of product and the â€Å"made in Germany† products are trusted. Therefore this name should be kept on the packa ge, but I have an idea, that the small diadem (above â€Å"Krà ¶nung†) should be omitted. Because there is already the bigger one, which is made of coffee beans. ïÆ'Ëœ Besides we can change the color of the coffee bag to every country. Because color can has also influence on decide of the buyer. People percept each color differently. It may depend on the culture of each country or the memories of each person. So the color of the package may be changed to match with the culture of the northern countries. Phuong Thao Nguyen 1897598 Seite 2 Jacobs Krà ¶nung ïÆ'Ëœ Ultimately I suggest two slogans ï‚ · One of them is â€Å"Enjoy Jacobs Krà ¶nung – crowned even higher than bier†. Base on the famousness of Germany bier, I want to lay stress on the quality of Jacobs coffee in comparing with bier. Germany has been famous for bier and its quality, but now people should pay attention at another beverage else, which has The other one is â€Å"Jacobs aroma - beside your cake†. As I mentioned, â€Å"Kaffee und Kuchen† is not only a tradition in Germany, but it appears also in the coffee culture of the northern Europe. From this Tradition this slogan occur me. It recalls one in common cultural feature between Germany and the northern Europe.Show MoreRelatedCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesClaussen Freezer case Desserts Cool Whip Pizza Di Giorno Jack’s Tombstone Selected international brands* Cheese Dairylea El Caserio Eden Invernizzi Philadelphia Sottilette P’tit Quebec Coff ee Blendy Carte Noire Gevalia Grand’ Mere Kaffee HAG Jacobs Kronung Jacobs Monarch Jacques Vabre Kenco Maxim Nabob Saimaza Splendid Confectioneries Next Peter Jackson Petra Philip Morris Aladdin Africana Cote d’Or Daim Figaro Freia Hollywood Korona Marabou Milka Peanott Poiana Prince Polo Suchard Sugus Terry’s

Week Free Essays

Crime Prevention for your initial post. Activity: Crime Prevention. Medical Focus – Brain Dysfunction Activity: Crime Prevention. We will write a custom essay sample on Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crime Prevention – Social Capital Human Capital Critical Thinking: Create a Crime Prevention Program (Reduce Poverty). Critical Thinking: Re- entry Programs Is crime caused by brain malfunction? Most efforts to fight crime focuses on sociological approaches like counseling, and rehabilitation. It also includes better parenting and education to prevent at risk children from becoming delinquents and Iranians. These are good approaches but fail to acknowledge one thing. Most criminals suffer from brain dysfunction. Research has shown this dysfunction is the leading cause of dyslexic, which is lack of insight and foresight. They also show a lack of empathy, low anger threshold, poor social skills, and lack of remorse. They show no fear and do not realize consequences to their actions (CT, 2008). Some of this can be attributed to their genes. Geneticists claim that human behavior is the result of gene-environment interaction, meaning that behavior results from both genetic and environmental influences, so to change certain behaviors, you should start with changing the environment (Robinson, 2013). The brain also controls behavior. Some defense lawyers try to use it to defend their client. Can morality be pinpointed to the brain? It seems that the frontal lobe plays a huge role in the decision making process and a key to the moral action. This is evident that morality is localized in the brain, in the Phonies Gage case of 1848. He was a railroad foreman who was very passive, and quiet, never had an issue. There was a blasting accident, an explosion drove a naming iron through his brain. It severed the connections between the left frontal lobe and the lower lying structures that regulate aggression and other emotions. After the accident, friends of Gage stated he was no longer himself. It had changed his personality. He is fitful, irreverent, indulging at times in the grossest profanity (which was not previously his custom), manifesting, but little deference for his fellows, impatient of restraint or advice when it conflicts with his desires†¦. A child in his intellectual capacity and manifestations† (BMW, 1998). Anyone who suffers from a generative brain condition are subject to uncontrollable violent actions. However, most violent crimes are done under the influence of a stimulus. Drugs and alcohol impairs a person’s ability to censor out antisocial acts. Excluding drugs and alcohol, habitual criminals are antisocial due to genetics. When you speak of morality, it is attributed to the brain. It is learned, yet at the same time can be damaged (Zigzagging, 2005). References: Crime Times (2008). Linking brain dysfunction to disordered criminal psychopathic behavior. Crime Times. Retrieved 09 August 2013 from http://www. Remedies. Org/. Robinson, M. (2013). Crime Prevention. San Diego, CA: Bridgeport Education, Inc British Medical Journal (1998) â€Å"No Longer Gage†: an iron bar through the head. Early Observations Of Personality Change After injury to the frontal cortex. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U. S. National Library of Medicine Bethesda MD Retrieved on 10 August 2013 from http://www. Incubi. Ml. NIH. Gob/Mac/articles/ MIMIC 114479/ Zigzagging, M. (2005). The ethical brain. New York: Dana Press. Retrieved on 10-August-2013 from http://www. Psychologically. Com/blob/the-human- east/200912/crime-brain-disorder Discussion 2 According to Robinson, when we compare America to countries around the world, America does not have a high rate of crime, but has one of the highest rates of lethal violence (2012). Discuss three factors that are contributing to lethal violence. Culture: Different immigrant populations have migrated to the United States from various world regions at different times in American history. They have varying cultural backgrounds. Despite these differences, there have often been certain commonalities in the immigrant experience, that could lead to disproportionate bevels of crime, particularly violent crime. These include low-paying undesirable Jobs, and often strained or difficult relations between immigrants and law enforcement authorities. These have contributed to disproportionately high levels of violent crime in some immigrant communities. (Cottrell, 1998). Availability of weapons: A risk of lethal violence has also been associated with the batterer’s possession of or access to weapons, the use of weapons or threats of such use in prior incidents, and escalation of the violence in frequency or severity. Use of drugs and alcohol: Alcohol ay reduce inhibitions to use lethal violence or prevents batterer from adequately understanding the lethal nature of the force he is using (MAR, 2003). Using the Problem Analysis Triangle (introduced in Week Two), discuss three potential initiatives to counter gun violence. One of the first initiatives to counter gun violence is the selling of guns. The federal Gun Control Act of 1968 stipulates that individuals â€Å"engaged in the business† of selling firearms must possess a Federal Firearms License (FL). Holders of Falls are required to conduct background checks ND maintain a record of all their firearm sales. Certain gun sales and transfers between private individuals, however, are exempt from this requirement. This unregulated secondary market includes private sales, classified ads, flea markets, internet sales and gun shows. Approximately 40 percent of all gun transfers currently fall into these categories. These private sales are what contribute to illegal gun trafficking because they do not conduct a background check. Another initiative is that the state and local government should mandate recorded ballistic fingerprint for very gun sold. Whenever a gun is fired, it leaves a ballistic fingerprint that investigators can use to prove a certain gun was used. They then can determine whom that particular gun was sold to. Lastly, the CDC should work with law enforcement to standardize investigations into all violent deaths with guns. That includes suicides. This helps improve the quality and comprehensiveness of the NEVER data, because law enforcement supplies data into the system (CAP, 2007). What are examples of initiatives outside the criminal Justice system (I. E. , law enforcement, courts, and corrections) that can impact crime and criminal issues? Getting the community involved. How to cite Week, Papers Week Free Essays In the trolley car problem I would hit the switch to save the 4 people and sacrifice the one because I would not be able to live with myself Just by allowing them all to die. At least even though I would be sacrificing one person I would still be able to save the rest of the people. The reasoning that has allowed me to come up with this decision is based upon my own personal values that I have which Is If there Is omitting that I can do some way shape or form that will allow me to make a difference I am willing to do It especially If It Is for the greater good to be helpful to someone else. We will write a custom essay sample on Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now By me Just sitting by and watching the trolley car and letting them all die would be something that I would physically be able to do because of the heart that I have. Though I am not a killer I would still weigh the options between the two and come up with one person dying Is better the all 5. When this problem was first Introduced I had the same decision to pull the switch to save the four guys opposed to letting them all die. But I can say that my reasoning behind the decision has somewhat changed before I looked at the situation as damage reduction and choosing between the lesser of the two but now I look at the situation as being to take into account the right thing to do and what I would want someone else to do for me if I were in that same situation. How to cite Week, Papers Week Free Essays Then find a current event in an article at the inline periodical listed to illustrate that concept. Compose an analysis of that event or situation using the weekly operations concept that you selected. Try to choose the concept that has been addressed the least by your classmates. We will write a custom essay sample on Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your post is due by Midnight (Central Time) Thursday. Next, respond to at least three classmates’ posts by Midnight (Central Time) Sunday. Remember that content matters. You need to write more than â€Å"Great Job† or â€Å"l agree with you† to get full credit on your discussion responses. Week 1 Discussion The weekly textbook concepts for our discussion this week are: Operational efficiency Operational effectiveness Operational Sustainability Strategic Operations Planning Operational Productivity Operations and Supply Chain Strategy Select one of these concepts and find a related article at the New York Times: http://www. Anytime. Com/ . Try clicking on â€Å"Business† on the left to see the business related articles or search by entering your topic in the search box. You’ll find one (or several articles) to analyze. Remember to focus upon your selected concept in your analysis. After reviewing and analyzing one of the current events articles, post your analysis and comments to your classmates low. For full credit, review three of your classmates postings and reply to them. If you’re the first to enter the Discussion there will only BEA Respond button. Otherwise, you will see others’ posting below. Click on the + Expand All button to view all of the entries made by your fellow learners. This section lists options that can be used to view responses. Collapse All Print View Show Options Responses Responses are listed below in the following order: response, author and the date and time the response is posted. Response Author Defeatism* Week 1 Nicole Haunt 3/19/2013 PM Speedy Check-Len Lets Hotel Guests Bypass Front Desk The hotel industry is becoming more electronic friendly by placing check-in kiosks in their hotels for quick and easy check-in. It is the age of social networking and people like to get things done quickly and having this capability in the hotels will allow things to go a lot quicker. This also allows the hotels to cut down on staffing and increase revenue. They have also added kiosks by the elevators so that if their keys do not work the customer does not have to go all the way to the front desk to get it fixed. Having kiosks will allow the staff to monitor people heckling-in and then help then when it is needed. This represents operation effectiveness because it is something that can be continuously improved; it improves the hotels processes, and functional performance. The hotels are maximizing their check-in process by making it faster and reducing wait time. Http://www. Anytime. Mom/2013/03/19/business/speedy-chi eek-in -lets-h Tool- guests-bypass-front-desk. HTML? Ref=business_r=O RE: Weekly Eduardo Bertha 3/1 9/2013 PM Nicole remember the first time when I encountered the electronic check-in. It was in NY City and it seemed very unusual. There I was checking into the hotel hill the lady was standing behind the counter watching me. This was about 8 years ago and din ‘t understand the point Of having the electronic check-in at a small hotel†¦ It makes sense to have it in a large hotel where the electronic check in will reduce waiting times†¦ RE: weekly Memorable Ramona 3/19/2013 PM Good point Eduardo. In big name hotels like Holiday Inn, Best Western, and Hilton I can see where providing kiosks to their guests would benefit in time managing. This way, the hotel clerks can accommodate and assist their guests in different areas. From experience, have had to check-in to plenty of hotels Ewing in the Air Force Reserves and it does get pretty bothersome having to wait in line, especially after a long tiresome drive. RE: Weekly Nicole Haunt 3/20/2013 AM also agree that it would seem unusual to have a kiosk at a small hotel because I would think that you would want more of a mom and pop feel when you go to small establishments like that. I know that when I go on vacation to Vegas or any where that is popular the last thing I want to do is stand in line so a kiosk would be helpful but then I wonder if customer service will go down because they are not pay too much attention to the customer. RE: Week 1 Nicole, Geisha Bristol 3/20/2013 9:48:49 PM You hit the nail right on the head. Customer service WILL go lacking. L, myself, have worked in the hospitality/hotel field (and hoping to one day get back into this field) and know that customer service is a BIG deal when it comes to that. That first â€Å"meet and greet† is important when checking into a hotel. I can understand the functionality of using kiosks. But can also see the downside. You would still need the staff to clean the rooms from previous guests. Somehow, the status on each room needs to be updated to make the system of the kiosk work. Housekeeping and the front desk work very closely in the hotel setting. As housekeeping cleans the room, the front desk is updated on what rooms have been cleaned and are ready for a new guest. The use of a kiosk, I feel can become a problem down the road. Thatcher’s how feel. RE: Weekly Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 5:44:19 PM Niccole, This was news to me! I was unaware that hotels would start using kiosks to check-in. I suppose it makes sense since the Airlines do it as well and the process has proven to work in that regard. As a customer, this is great. I would think that this is a win/win situation. I hope they do not do away with he bell man though! I kind of of still want my baggage carried for me if I’m on a fancy vacation! Tony RE: Weekly Instructor Cube 3/23/2013 AM Nicole, you wrote that â€Å"Having kiosks will allow the staff to monitor people improves the hotels processes, and functional performance. † You are doing a good job in this analysis Of illustrating the similarities between services processes and assembly (manufacturing) processes. There really are a lot of similarities that are evident when we consider efficiency and effectiveness improvement methods. Chapter 2 (page 30-31 ) does a good job of illustrating how Operations managers measure productivity (partial, multiracial, total). Which of these methods would you think that a services business, like the hotel in your article, would apply? Class, any ideas on this†¦ RE: weekly Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 PM Professor, believe using a partial measure of productivity would be ideal. The Operation manager of a hotel would be interested in the productivity of its staff. Fifth Operations manager were in charge of multiple hotel chains, then he/she would use total measure of productivity or even malefactor measures. According to the textbook, a total factor measure would be used to measure he productivity of an entire organization. This way the Operations manager can compare and make adjustments in the less producing hotel chains. Eunice RE: weekly Instructor Cube 3/24/2013 8:3108 AM Right, in services process with lots of people, labor productivity (partial measure) is a good way to measure productivity. Shell in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 5:37:33 PM In 2012, Shell Oil Company had to suspend operations in the Arctic Ocean when their drilling rig the Kulak was grounded. Shell had attempted to drill for oil in the Arctic but the harsh climate made oversight of the operation very difficult. A recent review concluded â€Å"Shell had failed in a wide range of basic operational tasks, like supervision of contractors that performed critical work, including towing one of the company’s two drilling rigs†. This failed operational control caused the rig to be damaged. The ineffectiveness to oversee these operations correctly diminished the value of drilling in the Arctic. For now Shell states that they â€Å"will not return to the Arctic Ocean in 2013†. Overall, I believe it is wise to pause operations when they become a safety hazard to people or the environment. Despite the unfortunate towing incident, Shell has made the right decision to reevaluate how things are being managed. Brooder, John M. (2013), Interior Dept. Warns Shell on Arctic Drilling. Retrieved March 1 9, 2013 from http://YMMV. Anytime. Com/2013/03/1 5/business/gibbon/ RE: Shell in the Artic Instructor Cube 3/20/2013 8:40:23 AM Anthony, you wrote that â€Å"l believe it is wise to pause operations when they become a safety hazard to people or the environment. Despite the unfortunate towing managed. † Which of the weekly textbook concepts (above) do you thing was involved in this decision? Would it be Operations efficiency, Operations effectiveness, Operations productivity, or some other factor? Class, what do you think†¦.. RE: Shell in the Artic Sandra Rolling 3/20/2013 11 AM think this is would be under Chapter 2 – Page 22, Exhibit 2. 1 – Shell is actively working their Triple Bottom Line Thanks Sands RE: Shell in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/21/2013 8:23:38 PM Proof, would think that Operational sustainability was a big factor in considering to terminate operations in the interim. Because of the issues that happen, value was lost and therefore so was effectiveness and efficiency. Its to me that each concept must hold strong for operational management to work. RE: Shell in the Artic Matthew Bat-y 3/22/2013 10:35:02 AM I think, in this case, operational sustainability was going to be lost. There were too many negative consequences in continuing action in the Arctic, not least of which was the safety hazard to the employees. Inclusively, both efficiency and effectiveness would have been diminished. RE: Shell in the At-tic Instructor Cube 3/24/2013 AM Good observations about social responsibility. The way that companies pursue operations is very important. RE: Shell in the Artic Eduardo Bertha 3/24/2013 2:02:32 PM Social responsibility has different meanings depending on the culture where the many originates and where it operates†¦ Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/19/2013 PM Textbook definition Of efficiency means doing something at the lowest possible cost while effectiveness means doing the right things to create the most value for the company. (Jacobs Chase 11). An article from the NY Times focuses on Promethean, a biodegrade company developing medical countermeasures against biological and chemical threats. (Promethean 2). It develops several medical treatments to meet the critical needs of the united States and its allies by developing and counterclaiming medical entrepreneurs against biological and chemical threats. The company employs both operational efficiency and effectiveness through reduced operating expenses that went from $21. 2 million in 2011 to $19. 5 million in 2012 by cutting unnecessary operating expenses. Also general and administrative expenses went down from $14. 3 million to $11. 6 million as a result of a reduction in legal and other general and administrative expenses. As a result of being efficient, some trade-offs were made. â€Å"Trade-offs occur when activities are incompatible so that more of one thing necessitates less of another. (Jacobs Chase 27). The company had to make decisions of either making the product or delivering services cheap. In this line of business, dealing with break-through medical advancements, the company must strive on process quality. Being effective is more important than being efficient for Promethean. Jacobs, F. Robert Richard B. Chase. Operations and Supply Chain Management. McGraw-Hill Irwin. New York, NY, 201 1. Print. Promethean. â€Å"Promethean Reports Year-End 2012 Financial And operational Results. † NY Times. Com. 13 Mar 2013. Web. 19 Mar 2013. RE: Portfolio Instructor Cube 3/20/2013 8137138 AM Eunice, you wrote that â€Å"The company had to make decisions of either making the product or delivering services cheap. † Everyone should note that every business must choose among the focus dimensions (pages 25-27) to decide how they will compete, and then the Operations function of that company has to apply the business level focus dimensions that support the overall business plan. Class and Eunice, in this case above which of the focus dimensions did this firm adopt in its operations function and which did they trade-off? † Any ideas†¦.. RE: Portfolio Jill Davis 3/23/2013 PM Eunice, I liked your post. I think that in terms of product and service safety, especially in the health care fields, companies should make the trade off toward products and service quality, rather than a cheaper or faster service or product. Our text says that a company has to decide on which parameters of performance are critical to success and focus on those. High quality can be a trade off to low cost, but when it comes to health services and pharmaceutical companies the performance parameters critical to success are the well-being of their customers so low cost should have to take a back seat to product and service quality. Jacobs, Robert F. Chase, Richard B. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management. Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies RE: Portfolio Instructor Cube 3/24/2013 AM Right Jill, we have all seen how a focus on low cost and low quality in the medical industry can endanger consumers. RE: Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 6:54:56 PM As Jill and Jordan stated, quality is more important when it comes to the healthcare field. Not only would Promethean lose its business if even one person dies from the company’s negligence, but it would face tremendous lawsuits from individuals and the government. Its reputation would be destroyed. Promethean understands the repercussions if they don’t deliver a quality product so it sacrifices cost in order to deliver quality products. People are willing to spend money on medications that work. I think this is one field where consumers will pay anything for medicine that truly works. RE: Portfolio Instructor Cube 3/24/2013 8:36:44 AM Right Eunice, so these Operations managers do not focus upon low cost, flexibility, customized products, or high efficiency. They have traded off all of these focus dimensions and their approach is high quality. RE: Portfolio Steven Rice 3/24/2013 3:44139 PM would say the main focus dimension is to focus on quality, or â€Å"Make a great Product† vs.. â€Å"Deliver a great service†. Anything in the healthcare industry has a heavy emphasis in the quality control in design and process quality. I used to work for a company that produced Animal Drugs and was heavily regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, because the animals that received the drugs we produced were farmed for human consumption. As consumer, I always want the best quality for the price I’m willing to spend or can afford. Steve Rice RE-: Portfolio Jordan Edwards 3/20/2013 PM Modified:3/20/2013 1184 PM Thanks Eunice for the insightful analysis on your article. It seems like a lot of firms/organizations are looking at ways they can save by eliminating inefficiencies or other processes altogether. In this case I would say that Promethean opted to focus on quality or making a great product and sacrificed cost or price-?making the product cheaply. RE: Portfolio Kristin Truer 3/24/2013 PM think that being effective vs. being efficient has paid off for this organization. Sometimes, a company or organization may have to pay a little more to be ore effective in delivering their product that they want and are needing to get out. In the end, its what is going to pay off for the company when the product is sold to its customers. Good info and article. Kristin Operational Sustainability Pamela Chafed 3/19/2013 10:58:43 PM I would not normally think of using Wall-Mart in the same sentence with the term operational sustainability but an article titled Unexpected Ally Helps Wall-Mart Cut Waste changed my thought process. Wall-Mart courted environmental groups and sought their input on its policies since it first announced a sustainability program. The major push for Wall-Mart to strive towards operational sustainability was to transform the publics’ opinion of the corporation. With negative public views towards Wall-Marts environmental impacts and treatment of women in the workforce, H. Lee Scott, the chief executive, now retired, announced wide ranged plans to lessen the environmental impact the company had on the communities it served. The company has met some environmental goals and missed others. One of these was increasing reuse or recycle of waste produced in its stores by 64 percent, not quite the zero-waste goal that was set, but a huge step forward s progress continues to be made. How to cite Week, Papers

Stylistic Features of Oscar Wilde free essay sample

Stylistic Features of Oscar Wilde # 8217 ; s Wrightings Plan NTRODUCTION Chapter 1 Oscar Wilde as a Brilliant Dramatist of His Time Chapter 2 Investigation Proper 1.Some notes on manner and stylistics 2.Lexical EMs and SDs 3.Syntactical Ems and SDs General Conclusions Bibliography Introduction Linguists pay considerable attending to the agencies of showing accent. The object of stylistic analysis is the linguistic communication in the procedure of its use. The attack to the linguistic communication stuff and the topic of stylistics and the topic of stylistics is of our concern in this diploma paper. As it is known stylistics dainties with particular agencies of the linguistic communication that help us to hold vivid and interesting address. I will non travel into inside informations with respects to tonss of expressive agencies and stylistic devices in Oscar Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas as they are excessively many. My concern is the analysis of those stylistic devices and expressive agencies which are capable of doing vocalizations emotionally coloured. I take merely those stylistic devices which are based on some important point in an vocalization whether it consists of one sentence or a twine of sentences. Normally the consequence of stylistic devices exceeds the bounds of one sentence and the probe touches upon the characteristics of address. My diploma paper trades with those stylistic devices which are more frequently used in the dramas, harmonizing to the tabular array of frequence of their use given by me at the terminal of the diploma paper. The difference between stylistic devices and expressive agencies is non big, they are closely connected with each other. The division of things into expressive agencies and stylistic devices is purely conventional with the boundary lines between them being slightly rickety. Stylistic expressive agencies have a sort of radiating consequence. They perceptibly colour the whole of the vocalization no affair whether they are logical or emotional. They reproduce the writer # 8217 ; s ideas and feelings and do the reader to believe and experience what the writer wants him to believe and experience. The initial undertaking of my diploma paper is to stipulate the topic of probe. It is the agencies of accent. Harmonizing to Hornby, accent is a force or emphasis, laid on a word or words to do significance clear, or to demo its importance # 8221 ; . * Emphasis is achieved by lexical and syntactical expressive agencies. In my diploma paper I will see merely some of expressive agencies largely used in Oscar Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas. It is interesting to observe what Soshalskaya E.G. says about the analysis which indicates the necessity and importance of the probe proper in my diploma paper. # 8220 ; The intent of Stylistic Analysis, -she says, is to assist the pupils to detect the interaction of signifier and affair to see how through the infinite assortment of stylistic devices and their maps the message of the writer is brought place to the reader. # 8221 ; ** Well, it is interesting to cognize what is O.Wilde # 8217 ; s aim utilizing these stylistic devices, in what manner he uses them, what he wants the reader to understand ; largely, what sort of stylistic devices he uses in his dramas and to seek and explicate what makes his manner unforgettable and recognizable as alone and original one. Chapter 2 Investigation Proper 1. Some notes on manner and stylistics. The word # 8220 ; manner # 8221 ; is derived from the Latin word # 8220 ; stylus # 8221 ; which meant a short stick crisp at one terminal and level at the other used by the Romans for composing on wax tablets. Now the word # 8220 ; manner # 8221 ; has a really wide significance. We speak of manner in architecture, picture, apparels, behavior, literature, address, etc. The manner of any period is the consequence of a assortment of complex and switching force per unit areas and influences. The manner we think and speak modifies the manner we write, or the manner other write, influences our idea and address. There is the changeless interaction between life and literature. Books reflect the form of our experience, but our experience of life is besides shaped by the books we read. In every age the major authors help to determine the thought and feeling, and therefore the manner, of their coevalss. Raymond Chapman, the writer of # 8220 ; A Short Manner to Better English # 8221 ; , says that # 8220 ; A good manner of authorship has three qualities, which may be described as truth, easiness and grace. # 8221 ; 7 There are ever three influences that will exercise their force per unit area on a author # 8217 ; s manner. One is his ain personality, his ain manner of thought and feeling that determines his manner of look. The 2nd is the juncture on which he is composing, the peculiar intent that directs his pen at the minute of authorship, so that the same adult male may use different manners on different occasions. The 3rd is the influence of the age in which he lives. In other words, a author # 8217 ; s manner is his single and originative pick of the resources of the linguistic communication. The restrictions upon the pick are superimposed by the author # 8217 ; s period, his genre and his intent. Since manner is something ingrained in authorship, it follows that a adult ma le # 8217 ; s manner of authorship will be an look of his personality and his manner of looking at life. This explains the celebrated and much-quoted definition of manner given by Buffon, a Gallic author and naturalist of the 18th century. He wrote: # 8220 ; Le manner, c # 8217 ; est cubic decimeter # 8217 ; homme meme. # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; Style, it is the adult male himself. # 8221 ; ) 8 Stylistics, sometimes called linguo-stylistics, is a subdivision of general linguistics. It has now more or less decidedly outlined. It deals chiefly with two mutualist undertakings: the probe of the stock list of particular linguistic communication media which by their ontological characteristics secure the desirable consequence of the vocalization ; certain types of texts ( discourse ) which due to the pick and agreement of linguistic communication agencies are distinguished by the matter-of-fact facet of the communicating. The two aims of stylistics are clearly discernable as two separate Fieldss of probe. The stock list of particular linguistic communication media can be analysed and their ontological characteristics revealed if presented in a system in which the co-relation between the media becomes apparent. The types of texts can be analysed if their lingual constituents are presented in their interaction, therefore, uncovering the unbreakable integrity and transparence of buildings of a given type. The types of texts that are distinguished by the matter-of-fact facet of the communicating are called functional manners of linguistic communication ( FS ) . The particular media of linguistic communication which secure the desirable consequence of the vocalization are called stylistic devices ( SD ) and expressive agencies ( EM ) . * The first field of probe, i.e. SDs and EMs, needfully touches upon such general linguistic communication jobs as the aesthetic map of linguistic communication, synonymous ways of rendering one and the same thought, emotional coloring in linguistic communication, the interrelatedness between linguistic communication and idea, the single mode of an writer in doing usage of linguistic communication and a figure of other issues. The 2nd field, i.e. functional manners, can non avoid treatment of such most general lingual issues as unwritten and written assortments of linguistic communication, the impression of literary linguistic communication, the components of texts larger than the sentence, the productive facet of literary texts and some others. In covering with the aims of stylistics, certain dictums of next subjects such as theory of information, literature, logic and to some extent statistics must be touched upon. This is indispensable ; for nowadays no scientific discipline is wholly isolated from other spheres of human cognition. The linguistics, peculiarly its subdivision stylistics, can non avoid mentions to the above mentioned subjects because it is confronted with certain overlapping issues. In linguistics there are different footings to denote peculiar agencies by which vocalizations are foregrounded, i.e. made more conspicuous, more effectual and hence leaving some extra information. They are called expressive agencies, stylistic devices, figure of speechs, figures of address and other names. All these footings are used randomly and are set against those agencies which we shall conventionally name impersonal. Most linguists distinguish ordinary semantic and stylistic differences in intending. They distinguish three chief degrees of expressive agencies and stylistic devices: phonic, lexical and syntactical. Phonetic expressive agencies and stylistic devices. As it is clear from the rubric, the stylistic usage of phonemes and their graphical representation is viewed here. The stylistic attack to the vocalization is non confined to its construction and sense. There is another thing to be taken into history which plays an of import function. This is the manner a word, a phrase or a sentence sounds. The sound of most words taken individually will hold small or no aesthetic value. It is in combination with other words that a word may get a coveted phonic consequence. The manner a separate word sounds may bring forth a certain euphonic feeling, but this is a affair of single perceptual experience and feeling and hence subjective. Lexical expressive agencies and stylistic devices. The chief map of the word is to denote. Therefore, the denotational significance is the major semantic feature of the word. The words in context may get extra lexical significances non fixed in lexicons. What is known in linguistics as # 8220 ; transferred significance # 8221 ; is peculiarly the interrelatedness between two types of lexical significance: dictionary and contextual. When the divergence from the acknowledged significance is carried to a grade that it causes an unexpected bend in the recognized logical significances, we register a stylistic device. Syntactic expressive agencies and stylistic devices. Stylistic survey of the sentence structure begins with the survey of the length and the construction of the sentence. Stylistic syntactical forms may be viewed as discrepancies of the general syntactical theoretical accounts of the linguistic communication and are the more obvious and conspicuous if presented non as stray elements or inadvertent use, but as group easy discernible and imparting themselves to generalization. This brief lineation of the most characteristic characteristics of the linguistic communication manners and their discrepancies will demo that out of the figure of characteristics which are easy discernable in each of the manners, some should be considered primary and others secondary ; some obligatory, others optional ; some changeless, others transitory. I think that the most of import and interesting is lexical degree. It includes more bright and graphic units of the linguistic communication. 2. Lexical expressive agencies and stylistic devices. Each art has its ain medium, i.e. its ain stuff substance. Colorss are the material substance of picture, sounds-the stuff substance of music. It is the linguistic communication that is the material substance of literature. But linguistic communication consists of colorss and sounds due to the being of expressive agencies and stylistic devices. Language is capable of conveying practically any sort of information. It has names for all things, phenomena and dealingss of nonsubjective world. It is so close to life that an semblance of their about complete individuality is created, for adult male lives, plants and thinks in the medium of linguistic communication. His behavior finds an of import agencies of look chiefly in linguistic communication. In the present chapter we shall seek to analyze some lexical expressive agencies and stylistic devices used by Oscar Wilde in his dramas. EPIGRAM and PARADOX. The bulk critics of the 19th century agree that Wilde is the most self-contradictory author of his clip. Harmonizing to professor Sosnovskaya V.B. , paradox based on contrast, being a statement contradictory to what is accepted as a axiomatic or proverbial truth.9 The entreaty of paradox prevarications in the fact that, nevertheless contradictory it may look to be to the recognized axiom, it contains however, a certain grain of truth, which makes it an first-class vehicle of sarcasm. Indeed, it is a device much favoured by many English and American ironists. Paradox can be considered a figure of address with certain reserves, since the aesthetic rule, that underlies it, i.e. contrast has frogmans lingual manifestations. Harmonizing to professor Galperin I.R. , quip is a stylistic device akin to a adage, the lone difference being that quips are coined by persons whose names we know, while Proverbss are the mintage of the people. In other words, we are ever cognizant of the parenthood of an quip and hence, when utilizing one, we normally make a mention to its author.10 Epigrams and paradoxes as stylistic devices are used for making generalized images. Usually it is the Present Indefinite Tense. This signifier of the verb makes paradoxes and quips abstract. e.g. # 8220 ; Men marry because they are tired, adult females because they are funny. Both are disappointed. # 8221 ; ( p.138 ) .11 # 8220 ; Nothing spoils a love affair so much as a sense of temper in the adult female # 8221 ; . ( p.108 ) . # 8220 ; Ideals are unsafe things, worlds are better. They wound, but they are better. # 8221 ; ( p.85 ) . # 8220 ; Womans are images, Work forces are problems. # 8221 ; ( p.138 ) . In Wilde # 8217 ; s paradoxes and epigrams the verb # 8220 ; to be # 8221 ; is widely used. This verb intensifies the familial map and makes apothegms and paradoxes humourous. It makes besides the ironical definition of phenomena of life. e.g. # 8220 ; Curious thing, plain adult females are ever covetous of their hubbies, beautiful adult females neer are. # 8221 ; ( p.108 ) . # 8220 ; The work forces are all Dowdings and the adult females are all dandies. # 8221 ; ( p.186 ) . # 8220 ; A adult male who moralises is normally a dissembler, and a adult female who moralises is constantly plain. # 8221 ; ( p.69 ) . Another means which helps to make the generalization is the pick of words. Wilde frequently resorts to the usage of some abstract impressions, concrete impressions are rare. e.g. # 8220 ; Ignorance is like a delicate alien fruit ; touch it and the bloom is gone. # 8221 ; ( p.296 ) . # 8220 ; Duty is what one expects from others, it is non what one does himself. # 8221 ; ( p.131 ) . # 8220 ; Life is awful. It regulations us, we do non govern it. # 8221 ; ( p.75 ) . # 8220 ; Experience is a inquiry of inherent aptitude about life. # 8221 ; ( p.72 ) . All sorts of plants # 8211 ; intensives, such as # 8220 ; Never, ever, frequently # 8221 ; are used by Oscar Wilde for making the abstractness and generalization. e.g. # 8220 ; Questions are neer indiscreet. Answers sometimes are. # 8221 ; ( p. 180 ) # 8220 ; Beautiful adult females neer have clip. They are ever so occupied in being covetous of other people # 8217 ; s husbands. # 8221 ; ( p.108 ) # 8220 ; All work forces are married adult females # 8217 ; s belongings # 8221 ; ( p.114 ) # 8220 ; The clever people neer listen and the stupid people neer talk. # 8221 ; ( p.109 ) For making the abstractness Wilde besides uses such words as # 8220 ; work forces, adult females, people, we, one # 8221 ; , etc. e.g. # 8220 ; One should neer swear a adult female who tells one her existent age # 8221 ; ( p.110 ) . # 8220 ; We work forces know life excessively early. And we adult females know life excessively tardily. That is the difference between work forces and adult females # 8221 ; ( p.165 ) . # 8220 ; Peoples are either runing for hubbies, or concealing from them # 8221 ; ( p.181 ) . One of the most characteristic and indispensable characteristics of quips and paradoxes is their shortness and concision. They are achieved by the syntactical form of an quip or paradox. The sentence structure of these stylistic devices is crisp and clear # 8211 ; cut. e.g. # 8220 ; Men go old, but they neer become good # 8221 ; ( p.33 ) . # 8220 ; Do non utilize command words. They mean so small # 8221 ; ( p.252 ) . In these illustrations we can see the parallel buildings widely used by Oscar Wilde. They serve a perfect agencies of making the distinct sentence structure of quips and paradoxes. Another distinctive feature of Wilde # 8217 ; s quips and paradoxes is his usage of such building as # 8220 ; that is the difference # 8230 ; # 8221 ; e.g. # 8220 ; Cecil Graham: Oh, wicked adult females bother one. Good adult females bore one. That is the difference between them # 8221 ; ( p.68 ) # 8220 ; Lord Illingworth: we work forces know life excessively early. Mrs. Arbuthnot: And we adult females know life excessively tardily. That is the difference between work forces and adult females # 8221 ; ( p.165 ) . This phrase # 8220 ; That is the difference # 8230 ; # 8221 ; seems to sum up the whole quip or paradox. With the aid of this phrase Oscar Wilde tries to demo how great the difference is between the two objects or phenomena compared. Some of Wilde # 8217 ; s paradoxes and quips are formed with the aid of contextual opposite word and contrasting braces: e.g. # 8220 ; The organic structure is born immature and grows old. That is life # 8217 ; s calamity. The psyche is born old but grows immature. That is the comedy of life # 8221 ; ( p.111 ) . # 8220 ; Men go old, but they neer become good # 8221 ; ( p.33 ) . One of the most of import maps of quips and paradoxes is that of address word picture. But Wilde # 8217 ; s quips and paradoxes have another of import map besides. It is the screening of bourgeois morality. With the aid of his quips and paradoxes the writer shows us his characters, their manner of life, manners, their ideas and the bourgeois society of his clip. In these four Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas there is a group of people such as Lady Bracknell, Mrs.Cheveley, Lord Illingworth and others, whose behaviors and manner of life give us a clear image of the upper-class society. These really people with their paradoxes and quips open their ideas and feelings. e.g. # 8220 ; A adult male who allows himself to be convinced by an statement is a exhaustively unreasonable individual # 8221 ; ( p.185 ) . # 8220 ; The universe was made for work forces and non for adult females # 8221 ; ( p.100 ) . We can see the corruptibility of the opinion categories, their mean, shoal spirited involvements, and their machinations against each other. At first sight they seem to be existent gentlemen and ladies. But in fact they are spoilt people who try to accomplish their purposes, nevertheless bad and selfish they sometimes may be, at all costs. e.g. # 8220 ; Sir Robert Chiltern: Every adult male of aspiration has to contend his century with its ain arms. What this century worships is wealth. The God of this century is wealth. # 8221 ; ( 206 ) . It is apparent what arms Sir R.Chiltern means. It is money and the manner it is earned by is unimportant. The manner of gaining money may be different: graft, blackmail, counterfeit and other immoral actions. Once Sir Chiltern achieved his purposes at the cost of his honour-he sold the secrete information. He had non any sorrow for what he had done. He said that he had fought the century with his ain arm and won. And when his misdemeanor was revealed, he tried to salvage himself. Another # 8220 ; immoralist # 8221 ; of the English society is Mrs.Cheveley. e.g. # 8220 ; Nowadays, with our modern passion for morality, every one has to present as a idol of pureness, incorruptibility, and all the other seven lifelessly virtuousnesss # 8221 ; ( p.192 ) . # 8220 ; Peoples are either runing for hubbies or concealing from them # 8221 ; ( p.181 ) . She besides had achieved her purposes by the immoral actions: graft and blackmail. Most of Wilde # 8217 ; s characters are true representatives of their society. They are Lord Darlington, Lady Bracknell and particularly Lord Illingworth, a individual with misanthropic attitude towards everything in the universe, who does non value the sincere human dealingss, to whom love, friendly relationship, faithfulness mean nil. This can be clearly seen from some of his comments. e.g. # 8220 ; Women love us for our defects # 8221 ; ( p.142 ) . # 8220 ; The lone difference between the saint and the evildoer is that every saint has a past, and every evildoer has a hereafter # 8221 ; ( p.140 ) . The most favoured topic for Wilde # 8217 ; s misanthropic remarks is a adult female and her place in the society of that clip. e.g. # 8220 ; Nothing spoils a love affair so much as a sense of temper in the adult female # 8221 ; ( p.108 ) . # 8220 ; Womans are images. Work forces are jobs. If you want to cognize a adult female truly means, which is perfectly a unsafe thing to do-look at her, do non listen to her # 8221 ; ( p.138 ) . # 8220 ; You adult females live by your emotions and for them # 8221 ; ( p.137 ) . Therefore, we can see that quips and paradoxes play one of the most of import functions in Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas. With the aid of these stylistic devices Wilde reflects his ain point of views on the society of his clip, his sentiments about life, love and friendly relationship, work forces and adult females. His opinions are the crisp and seize with teething comments. They are used in the plainest and the most direct sense. Wilde does non hide his interior feelings and ideas about the decomposition of rational universe and English society. These quips and paradoxes are short and crisp, and are non really complex that makes them easy for retrieving. So, paradoxes and quips create the individualism of Oscar Wilde. Wilde is celebrated for his superb quips and the wittiest paradoxes. IRONY and PUN In sarcasm, which is the really interesting point for consideration, subjectiveness lies in the rating of the phenomenon named. The kernel of this stylistic device consists in the highlighting non of the logical but of the appraising significance. The context is arranged so that the measure uping word in sarcasm reverses the way of the rating, and the word positively charged is understood as a negative making and frailty versa. Harmonizing to professor Galperin I.R. , sarcasm is a stylistic device based on the coincident realization of two logical meanings- lexicon and contextual, but the two significances stand in resistance to each other.12 Harmonizing to Professor Kukharenko V.A. , sarcasm is a stylistic device in which the contextual appraising significance of a word is straight opposite to its dictionary meaning.13 So, like many other stylistic devices, sarcasm does non be outside the context. Irony must non be confused with temper, although they have really much in common. Humour ever causes laughter. What is amusing must come as a sudden clang of the positive and the negative. In this regard sarcasm can be likened to humor. But the map of sarcasm is non confined to bring forthing a humourous consequence. In a sentence like that: # 8220 ; How clever you are, Mr.Hopper # 8221 ; ( p.43 ) , where due to the modulation form, the word # 8220 ; clever # 8221 ; conveys a sense antonym to its actual meaning. The sarcasm does non do a farcical consequence. It instead expresses a feeling of annoyance and displeasure. Here are some illustrations of sarcasm: e.g. # 8220 ; Oh, I love London Society! I think it has vastly improved. It is wholly composed now of beautiful imbeciles and superb madmans. Just what Society should be. # 8221 ; ( p.175 ) # 8220 ; And in England a adult male who can # 8217 ; t speak morality twice a hebdomad to a big, popular, immoral audience is rather over as a serious politician. # 8221 ; ( p.210 ) # 8220 ; All adult females become like their female parents. That is their calamity. No adult male does. That is his. # 8221 ; ( p.300 ) These illustrations show that sarcasm is a manner of address in which the antonym of what is said is meant. The talker of the first illustration, Mabel Chiltern does non truly think that it is good for London Society to dwell of # 8220 ; beautiful imbeciles and superb madmans # 8221 ; . Wilde # 8217 ; s method of ironical use is largely direct: he speaks of the decomposition of people, their ideals and values. The consequence of sarcasm prevarications in the dramatic disparity between what is said and what is meant. This is achieved through the knowing interplay of two significances, which are in resistance to each other. e.g. # 8220 ; No adult female should hold a memory. Memory in a adult female is a beginning of drabness # 8221 ; . ( p.144 ) # 8220 ; My male parent told me to travel to bed an hr ago. I Don # 8217 ; t see why I shouldn # 8217 ; t give you the same advice. I ever pass on good advice. It is the merely thing to make with it. It is neer of any usage to oneself. # 8221 ; ( p.197 ) # 8220 ; I knew we should come to an amicable agreement. # 8221 ; ( p.194 ) The context is one most of import things when we use irony. The word # 8220 ; advice # 8221 ; is suggested for credence if it is good and for rejection if it is non good, but non for go throughing on it. In fact, Lord Goring, the talker of this phrase, is a serious individual, who knows that a good advice may be really utile. As for the last illustration, here the word # 8220 ; amicable # 8221 ; is contrary to the word # 8220 ; blackmail # 8221 ; with the aid of which this understanding was achieved by Mrs. Chevely. Mrs. Chevely is an # 8220 ; immoralist # 8221 ; of English Society. e.g. # 8220 ; Peoples are either runing for hubbies or concealing from them # 8221 ; ( p.181 ) # 8220 ; Oh, I like boring, practical topics. What I don # 8217 ; T like are boring, practical people. # 8221 ; ( p.189 ) The comments of this # 8220 ; Lady # 8221 ; characterize her brightly. We can clearly see a intriguing adult female, an adventurer, who stops at nil in deriving her foul purposes. She does non demo her existent face, she ever disguises it. But her misanthropic comments betray her. Another illustration of sarcasm used by O.Wilde: e.g. # 8220 ; Lord Goring: I adore political parties. They are the lone topographic point left to us where people do non speak political relations # 8221 ; . ( p.184 ) The members of political parties must speak political relations, it is their responsibility. They must be really serious and honorable people and they must work for people # 8217 ; s good being, but alternatively of it they do non make anything for people. During their political parties they pronounce some absurd, misanthropic words and discuss rumors and chitchats. e.g. # 8220 ; Oh, we all want friends at times # 8221 ; ( p.25 ) Lord Darlington, stating this phrase, hides his love for Lady Windermere behind the word # 8220 ; friend # 8221 ; , but she does non accept his version of # 8220 ; friendly relationship # 8221 ; in such sort and does non desire to be with him. Oscar Wilde considers the word # 8220 ; friend # 8221 ; to hold different significance: people ever need friends, non merely for impermanent period of clip. The significance of this word conveys a changeless quality. The particular, misanthropic quality of Wilde # 8217 ; s sarcasm is manifested in his mode of composing. This device allows Wilde to uncover incongruousness of the universe around him and to demo the ferociousness of the upper category society. Pun is the following stylistic device used by Oscar Wilde in his dramas. Harmonizing to Professor Sosnovskaya V.B. , wordplay ( pun, a drama on words ) is a figure of address emerging as an consequence created by words similar or indistinguishable in their sound signifier and contrastive or incompatible in meaning.13 Harmonizing to Prof. Galperin I.R. , the wordplay is a stylistic device based on the interaction of two well-known significances of a word or phrase. It is hard to pull a difficult and fast differentiation between zeugma and the wordplay. The dependable distinguishing characteristic is a structural one: zeugma is the realization of two significances with the aid of the verb which is made to mention to different topics or objects. The wordplay is more independent. There need non needfully be a word in the sentence to which the pun-word refers. This does non intend. However, that the wordplay is wholly free. Like any other stylistic device, it must depend on a context. But the context may be of a more expanded character, sometimes even every bit big as a whole work of affectional prose.14 Therefore, the rubric of one of Oscar Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas, # 8220 ; The Importance of Being Earnest # 8221 ; , has a wordplay in it. But in order to understand this wordplay we must read the whole drama, because the name of the hero and the adjectival significance # 8220 ; seriously-minded # 8221 ; are both bing in our head. Pun is based on the consequence of deceived outlook, because capriciousness in it is expressed either in the visual aspect of the elements of the text unusual for the reader or in the unexpected reaction of the addressee of the duologue. However playful is the consequence of wordplay, nevertheless intricate and sudden is the meeting of senses in one sound composite, in a genuinely gifted work this unit of poetic address portions every bit with others in the look of the writer # 8217 ; s message. It is a vehicle of the writer # 8217 ; s thought non a mere ornament. Pun is one of the most favoured devices of Oscar Wilde. In his comedies there are about 20 illustrations of wordplay. In this Chapter we will seek to analyze some of them. For Wilde wordplay is one of the most effectual agencies used for making humor, luster and colourfulness of his duologues for unfavorable judgment of businessperson morality. At the same clip the wordplaies serve for demoing the writer # 8217 ; s thoughts and ideas. e.g. # 8220 ; Lord Goring: My beloved further, merely people who expression dull of all time acquire into the House of Commons, and merely people who are dull of all time win there # 8221 ; . ( p.257 ) # 8220 ; Lord Darlington: Ah, nowadays we are all of us so difficult up, that the lone pleasant things to pay are regards. They are the lone things we can pay. # 8221 ; ( p.24 ) These illustrations show that the drama on words has a great influence on the reader. The address of the hero becomes more graphic and interesting. The sound signifier of the word played upon may be either a polysemous word: e.g. # 8220 ; Lady Caroline: I believe this is the first English country-house you have stayed at, Mrs.Worsley? Have you any state? What we should name state? Hester: We have the largest state in the world. # 8221 ; ( p.95 ) ; or partial ( complete ) homonyms, as in the undermentioned illustration: e.g. # 8220 ; Algernon: You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking individual I of all time proverb in my life # 8221 ; . ( p.286 ) In this illustration there are two significances of the word played upon in the wordplay: the first # 8211 ; the name of the hero and the 2nd # 8211 ; the adjectival significance seriously-minded. In instance of homonym the two significances of one word are rather independent and both direct. These two significances of the wordplay are realised at the same time and in the comment of one and the same individual. Such illustrations are relatively rare in Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas. Most of Wilde # 8217 ; s wordplaies are based on lexical ambiguity. Such wordplaies are realised in sequence, that is at first the word appears before a reader in one significance and so # 8211 ; in the other. This realization is more graphic in duologues, because in such instances the wordplay acquires more humourous consequence as a consequence of misconstruing. In many instances the addressee of the duologue is the chief beginning of intervention. His manner of thought and distinctive features of perceptual experience can explicate this. Rarely the talker himself is the beginning of intervention ( for illustration, if he has a address defect ) . Almost all Oscar Wilde # 8217 ; s wordplaies based on polycemy are realised in duologues, in fact the comment of the addressee. e.g. # 8220 ; Lady H. : she lets her cagey lingua run off with her. Lady C. : is that the lone Mrs. Allonby allows to run off with her? # 8221 ; ( p.99 ) In this illustration the wordplay is realised in the comment of the 2nd individual. The first significance of the look # 8220 ; to run away with # 8221 ; # 8211 ; is # 8220 ; non to be cognizant of what you are talking # 8221 ; , and the 2nd significance is # 8220 ; to do off taking something with you # 8221 ; . The first significance is nonliteral and the 2nd is direct. In some instances the wordplay is realised in the comment of one and the same individual, as in the undermentioned illustrations: e.g. # 8220 ; Mrs. Allonby: the one advantage of playing with fire is that one neer gets even singed. It is the people who do non cognize how to play with it who get burned up # 8221 ; . ( p.100 ) Here the first significance of the look # 8220 ; to play with fire # 8221 ; # 8211 ; # 8220 ; to swinge # 8221 ; is direct, and the 2nd # 8220 ; to botch one # 8217 ; s repute # 8221 ; is nonliteral. e.g. # 8220 ; Jack: every bit far as I can do out, the poachers are the merely people who make anything out of it. # 8221 ; ( p.297 ) The first significance of the look: # 8220 ; to do out # 8221 ; # 8211 ; # 8220 ; to understand # 8221 ; is nonliteral, and the 2nd # 8211 ; # 8220 ; to do benefit from something # 8221 ; is direct. But there are such illustrations, when wordplay is realised in the comment of the 3rd individual and in this instance it is he ( she ) who is the chief beginning of intervention: e.g. # 8220 ; Lady C. : Victoria Stratton? I remember her absolutely. Angstrom silly, blue-eyed adult female with no mentum. Mrs. Allonby: Ah, Ernest has a mentum. He has a really strong mentum, a square mentum. Ernest # 8217 ; s mentum is far excessively square. Lady S. : But do you truly think a adult male # 8217 ; s chin can be excessively square? I think a adult male should look really strong and that his should be rather square. # 8221 ; ( p.115 ) As a regulation, when two significances of the word are played upon, one of them is direct, the other is nonliteral, which can be illustrated by some of the above mentioned illustrations. So, we can see, that sarcasm and wordplay besides play the really of import function in Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas. The consequence of these stylistic devices is based on the writer # 8217 ; s attitude to the English businessperson society. Thus sarcasm and wordplay aid Wilde to demo that bulk of his heroes are the typical representatives of the bourgeois society: thoughtless, frivolous, greedy, covetous, materialistic people. They call themselves # 8220 ; Ladies and gentlemen # 8221 ; , but with the aid of these stylistic devices Wilde shows that intelligence is their mask. Credit must be given to Wilde for being superb in his humor. A drama upon contrasts and contradictions lies at the footing of writer # 8217 ; s sarcastic method in portraying his characters. The dynamic quality of Wilde # 821 7 ; s dramas is increased by the frequent ironical sentences and wordplaies. These stylistic devices convey the graphic sense of world in the image of the 19-th century English upper-class society. Wilde # 8217 ; s pragmatism with its fantastic quips and paradoxes, superb sarcasm and diverting wordplaies initiates the beginning of a new epoch in the development of the English drama. Name Epithet is another stylistic device used by Oscar Wilde. Harmonizing to Prof. Galperin I.R. , Epithet is a stylistic device based on the interplay of affectional and logical significance in an prenominal word, phrase or even sentence, used to characterize an object and indicating out to the reader and often enforcing on him.15 Harmonizing to Prof. Sosnovskaya V.B. , Epithet is an prenominal word picture of a individual, thing or phenomenon. It is, as a regulation, simple in signifier. In the bulk of instances it consists of one word: adjectival or adverb, modifying severally nouns or verbs.16 e.g. # 8220 ; I tell you that had it of all time occurred to me, that such a monstrous intuition would hold entered your head, I would hold died instead than hold crossed your life. # 8221 ; ( p.64 ) Name on the whole shows strictly single emotional attitude of the talker towards the object spoken of, it describes the object as it appears to the talker. Epithet expresses a feature of an object, both bing and fanciful. Its basic characteristics are its emotiveness and subjectiveness: the characteristic attached to the object to measure up it is ever chosen by the talker himself. e.g. # 8220 ; Mabel Chiltern is a perfect illustration of the English type of cuteness, the apple-blossom type # 8221 ; . ( p.175 ) # 8220 ; It means a really superb hereafter in shop for you # 8221 ; . ( p.97 ) # 8220 ; What an dismaying doctrine that sounds! # 8221 ; ( p.179 ) # 8220 ; But I tell you that the lone bitter words that of all time came from those sweet lips of hers were on your history, and I hate to see you next her # 8221 ; . ( p.80 ) Harmonizing to these illustrations, we can state that Epithet is a word or word combination which in its prenominal usage discloses the single emotionally colored attitude of the author to the object he describes. It is a signifier of subjective rating. It is a description brief and compact which singles out the things described. e.g. # 8220 ; Lips that have lost the note of joy, eyes that are blinded by cryings, iciness manus s and icy heart† . ( p. 60 ) # 8220 ; If we have enough of them, they will forgive us everything, even our mammoth minds # 8221 ; . ( p. 142 ) # 8220 ; And now state me, what makes you leave you brilliant Vienna for our glooming London # 8221 ; . ( p.180 ) Epithet has remained over the centuries the most widely used stylistic device, which is understandable- it offers the ample chances of measure uping every object from the writer # 8217 ; s partial and subjective point of view, which is indispensable in originative prose, Here we can see consummate touches in rich and graphic names. Wilde # 8217 ; s linguistic communication is apparent and apprehensible, it is fantastic and interesting. Wilde resorts to the usage of colorful names, which sometimes help him to demo the difference between pretension and world. As we know Wilde was the leader of the # 8220 ; aesthetic motion # 8221 ; . He was superb in literature and tried to be brilliant in life. He used copiousness of names in his address. In fact, everybody uses names in his address ; without them our address is dry, terribly field and non interesting. Wilde # 8217 ; s names give a superb coloring material and fantastic humor to his dramas. With the aid of names Wilde # 8217 ; s heroes are more interesting, their address is more affectional ; they involve the reader in their world, in their life. e.g. # 8221 ; I am non in a temper to-night for Ag dusks, or rose-pink dawns. # 8221 ; ( p.190 ) # 8220 ; Those straw-colored adult females have awful tempers. # 8221 ; ( p.48 ) # 8220 ; Cecily, of all time since I foremost looked upon your wonderful and uncomparable beauty, I have dared to love you wildly, passionately, devotedly, hopelessly. # 8221 ; ( p.319 ) As we can see, names make the address more colorful, vivid and interesting. Wilde uses a great sum of names in his dramas. His names are based on different beginnings, such as nature, art, history, literature, mythology, mundane life, adult male, etc. And all of them are fantastic. They reflect Wilde # 8217 ; s sentiments and point of views about different things. They give accent and beat to the text. That is why Wilde may be besides called a maestro of colorful and graphic names. Metaphor One of the most often used, well-known and elaborated among the stylistic devices is metaphor. The metaphoric usage of the word begins to impact the dictionary significance, adding to it fresh intensions of significance or sunglassess of significance. Harmonizing to Prof. Sosnovskaya V.B. , metaphor, a most widely used trop, is based upon analogy, upon a traceable similarity. But in the metaphor, contrary to the simile, there is no formal component to bespeak comparing. The difference, though, is non simply structural. The absence of a formal indicant of comparing in the metaphor makes the analogy it is based on more elusive to perceive.17 Harmonizing to Prof. Kukharenko V.A. , metaphor is based on the transference of names. This transference is based on the associated similitude between two objects.18 Harmonizing to Prof. Galperin I.R. , metaphor means transference of some quality from one object to another. A metaphor becomes a stylistic device when two different phenomena ( things, events, thoughts, actions ) are at the same time brought to mind by the infliction of some or all of the built-in belongingss of one object on the other which by nature is deprived of these properties.19 Such an infliction by and large consequences when the Godhead of the metaphor finds in the two corresponding objects certain characteristics, which to his oculus have something in common. I wholly agree with these definitions. I besides think that metaphors reveal the attitude of the author to the object, action or construct and show his positions. They may besides reflect the literary school which he belongs and the era in which he lives. As an illustration of Wilde # 8217 ; s skill in utilizing every nicety of the linguistic communication to function some particular stylistic intent, we must advert his usage of metaphors. e.g. # 8220 ; We live in an age of ideals. # 8221 ; ( p.293 ) # 8220 ; She has all the aroma and freedom of a flower. # 8221 ; ( p.175 ) # 8220 ; The God of this century is wealth. # 8221 ; ( p.206 ) # 8220 ; But to endure for one # 8217 ; s ain mistakes, -ah! -there is the sting of life. # 8221 ; ( p.36 ) . Oscar Wilde was a adult male of art ; and even these fantastic metaphors prove it. As we can see, his metaphors give a certain appeal and musical perceptual experience through the field linguistic communication combinations. A metaphor can be merely within a context. A separate word isolated from the context has its general significance. Metaphor plays an of import function in the development of linguistic communication. Words get new significances by transference. e.g. # 8220 ; Lord Illingworth: That cockamamie Puritan miss doing a scene simply because I wanted to snog her. What injury is at that place in a buss? Mrs.Arbuthnot: A buss may destroy a human life. I know that excessively well. # 8221 ; ( p.163 ) . The metaphorical consequence of this sentence is based on the personal feelings of Mrs.Arbuthnot. Her sad experience of life sounds in this phrase. When she was immature, she had a great love. But her passion had left her and # 8220 ; her life was ruined. # 8221 ; That is why this metaphor has a true effectual power when it is pronounced by Mrs.Arbuthnot. e.g. # 8220 ; I am a ship without a rudder in a dark without a star. # 8221 ; ( p.242 ) The talker of this phrase Sir Robert Chiltern gets lost, he does non cognize what to make in such state of affairs. He says that he is a # 8220 ; ship without a rudder # 8221 ; , i.e. he does non cognize where he must travel and what to make for better hereafter. Oscar Wilde is ever concerned with society. His all right metaphors play an of import function in portraying his heroes, their feelings and ideas. e.g. # 8220 ; I had a wild hope that I might demilitarize destiny. # 8221 ; ( p.209 ) # 8220 ; I keep scientific discipline for life. # 8221 ; ( p.281 ) # 8220 ; Ideals are unsafe things. Worlds are better. They wound, but they are better. # 8221 ; ( p.85 ) # 8220 ; The fire can non sublimate her. The Waterss can non slake her anguish. # 8221 ; ( p.150 ) # 8220 ; Gwendolen is devoted to bread and butter. # 8221 ; ( p.283 ) Therefore, we can see the limitless power of the creative person in demoing his imaginativeness. The emotional coloring is made by an ample usage of bright metaphors. Metaphor takes one of the most honorable topographic points in Wilde # 8217 ; s art. The chief intent of the writer is to impact the reader emotionally through the images. The appeal of O.Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas is due to the mixture of poetic metaphors and existent images. The writer does non convert the reader to do the ensuing points, but he makes him indirectly judge the heroes and unclutter the state of affairs. Metaphors, like all stylistic devices, can be classified harmonizing to their grade of surprisingness. Therefore, metaphors which are perfectly unexpected, that is are rather unpredictable, are called echt metaphors. Here we can see some of them: e.g. # 8220 ; She is a work of art # 8221 ; . ( p.175 ) # 8220 ; She has all the aroma and freedom of a flower. There is ripple after rippling of sunshine in her hair. She has the absorbing dictatorship of young person, and the amazing bravery of artlessness # 8221 ; . ( p.175 ) # 8220 ; Divorces are made in Heaven # 8221 ; . ( p. 283 ) In echt metaphors the image is ever present and the transference of significance is really felt. These metaphors have a radiating force. The whole sentence becomes metaphoric. The metaphors, which are normally used in address and therefore are sometimes even fixed in lexicons as expressive agencies of linguistic communication, are banal metaphors. e.g. # 8220 ; My farther truly died of a broken bosom # 8221 ; . ( p.85 ) # 8220 ; Love is easy killed! Oh! How easy love is killed # 8221 ; . ( p.86 ) # 8220 ; The minute is wholly in your ain custodies # 8221 ; . ( p.344 ) Wilde # 8217 ; s metaphors develop the reader # 8217 ; s imaginativeness. At the same clip the writer reflects his ain point of position. e.g. # 8220 ; Youth is the Lord of Life # 8221 ; . ( p.135 ) In these four dramas Wilde preaches that young person is the so called # 8220 ; gift of nature # 8221 ; . It is really interesting to observe, that about all his chief heroes are immature people. And young person is their prima star in life. Oscar Wilde resorts to the usage of his metaphors for more expressiveness and beauty of linguistic communication. Their significances are playing and apprehensible for any reader, of any age and any involvements. They are the birds of Wilde # 8217 ; s ideas, sometimes sensitive and sometimes acrimonious, sometimes joyful and sometimes sad, but they are ever fantastic. They have an first-class quality to reflect different objects, actions and, of class, people in a new significance. They produce a dynamic character of the secret plan and show that Wilde is a adult male of mastermind. Simile Simile is the following stylistic device used by Wilde in his dramas. Simile is a similitude of one thing to another. Harmonizing to Prof. Sosnovskaya V.B. , Simile is the most fundamental signifier of figure of speech. It can be defined as a device based upon an analogy between two things, which are discovered to possess some characteristics in common otherwise being wholly dissimilar.19 Harmonizing to Prof. Galperin I.R. the intensification of person characteristic of the construct in inquiry is realised in a device called Simile. Ordinary comparing and Simile must non be confused. They represent two diverse procedures. Comparison means weighing two objects belonging to one category of things with the intent of set uping the grade of their sameness or difference. To utilize a simile is to characterize one object by conveying it into contact with another object belonging to an wholly different category of things. Comparison takes into consideration all the belongingss of the two objects, emphasizing the 1 that is compared. Simile includes all the belongingss of the two objects except one which is made common to them.20 e.g. # 8220 ; All adult females become like their mothers. # 8221 ; ( p.300 ) is ordinary comparing. The words # 8220 ; adult females # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; female parents # 8221 ; belong to the same category of objects # 8211 ; human existences # 8211 ; so this is non a Simile but ordinary comparing. But in the sentence: # 8220 ; But she is truly like a Tanagra figurine, and would be instead irritated if she were told so # 8221 ; . ( p.175 ) , we have a simile. # 8220 ; She # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; statuette # 8221 ; belong to heterogenous categories of objects and Wilde has found that the beauty of Mabel Chiltern may be compared with the beauty of the ancient Tanagra figurine. Of the two constructs brought together in the Simile # 8211 ; one characterised ( Mabel Chiltern ) , and the other characterising ( Statuette ) # 8211 ; the characteristic intensified will be more built-in in the latter than in the former. Furthermore, the object characterised, is seen in rather a new and unexpected visible radiation, because the writer as it were, imposes this characteristic on it. Therefore, Simile is an inventive comparing of two unlike objects belonging to two different categories. Similes forcibly set one object against another regardless of the fact that they may be wholly foreign to each other. And without our being cognizant of it the Simile gives rise to a new apprehension of the object characterising every bit good as of the object characterised. The belongingss of an object may be viewed from different angles, for illustration, its province, actions, manners, etc. Consequently, Similes may be based on adjective-attributes, adverbs-modifiers, verb-predicates, etc. e.g. # 8220 ; Dear Agatha and I are so much interested in Australia. Agatha has found it on the map. What a funny form it is! Just like a big wadding case. # 8221 ; ( p.42 ) # 8220 ; She looks instead like an orchid and makes great demands on one # 8217 ; s curiosity. # 8221 ; ( p.176 ) # 8220 ; Twenty old ages of love affair make a adult female expression like a ruin ; but twenty old ages of matrimony make her something like a public building. # 8221 ; ( p.108 ) Similes have formal elements in their construction: A brace of objects ( for illustration: adult female + ruin ; adult female + orchid ; Australia + a big wadding instance ) . Connective words such as: like, as, such every bit, as if, as though, seem, etc. Here are some more illustrations of similes taken from Wilde # 8217 ; s dramas. e.g. # 8220 ; She looks like an # 8220 ; edition de luxe # 8221 ; of a wicked Gallic novel, meant specially for the English market. # 8221 ; ( p.48 ) The construction of this simile is interesting for it is sustained. This simile goes through the whole sentence. The writer finds a certain resemblance of Mrs. Erlynne and an # 8220 ; edition de luxe # 8221 ; of a wicked Gallic novel. He shows that this adult female is as bright and attractive as a colored diary. e.g. # 8220 ; It is as if a manus of ice were laid upon one # 8217 ; s bosom. It is as if one # 8217 ; s bosom were crushing itself to decease in some empty hollow. # 8221 ; ( p.211 ) This simile is the perfect work of imaginativeness. This is an illustration of a simile, which is half a metaphor. Let us analyze it. If non for the structural word # 8220 ; as if # 8221 ; , we could name it a metaphor. Indeed, if we drop the word # 8220 ; as if # 8221 ; and state: # 8220 ; a manus of ice is laid upon one # 8217 ; s bosom # 8230 ; # 8221 ; , this sentence becomes a metaphor. But the word # 8220 ; as if # 8221 ; keeps apart the impressions of metaphor and makes this sentence a existent simile. As for the 2nd sentence of this illustration, the state of affairs is the same: if we drop the word # 8220 ; as if # 8221 ; , the sentence becomes a metaphor. In other words, this illustration is the action that is described by agencies of simile. The semantic nature of the simile-forming elements # 8220 ; seem # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; as if # 8221 ; is such that they merely remotely suggest resemblance. Quite different are the conjunctions # 8220 ; like # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; as # 8221 ; . They are more categorical and set up rather squarely the analogy between the two objects in inquiry. e.g. # 8220 ; Ignorance is like a delicate alien fruit ; touch it and the bloom is gone. # 8221 ; ( p. 296 ) In this illustration of a simile the object characterised is seen in a quite new and unexpected significance. This simile is besides may be considered as a half metaphor. The writer confers to ignorance a new sense and the qualities of an alien fruit. That is why this simile has a metaphoric character. And all the above-named formal elements make the simile of easy recognizable unit of poetic address. e.g. # 8220 ; You are like a pink rose, cousin Cecily. # 8221 ; ( p.311 ) This is the existent simile. This simile is used for intents of expressive rating, affectional account, and extremely single description. In a simile two objects are compared on the land of similarity of some quality. So # 8220 ; a pink rose # 8221 ; of this instance allows to at the same time highlight such characteristics as # 8220 ; fresh, beautiful, fragrant, attractive # 8221 ; , etc. So, we can see that simile is another interesting stylistic device used by Oscar Wilde in his dramas. It shows the single point of view of the writer on different objects, actions, and phenomena. Everybody uses the similes in his mundane address. But the literary similes gain particularly fantastic character. They make our address more expressive and our universe more interesting. Hyperbole Honestly speech production, every individual sometimes uses hyperbole and hyperbole in his address for more expressiveness. Harmonizing to Professor Galperin I.R. , another stylistic device which besides has the map of escalating one certain belongings of the object described is hyperbole. It can be defined as a calculated exaggeration or hyperbole of a characteristic indispensable to the object or phenomenon. In its utmost signifier this hyperbole is carried to an unlogical grade. 20 Harmonizing to Professor Kukharenko V.A. , exaggeration is a stylistic device in which accent is achieved through deliberate hyperbole. The feelings and emotions of the talker are so rippled that he resorts in his address to escalating the quantitative or the qualitative facets of the mentioned object.21 Harmonizing to Prof. Sosnovskaya V.B. , exaggeration ( overstatement ) as the word itself suggests is an look of an thought in an extremely exaggerate linguistic communication. The supra-average instances of exaggeration are characteristic of an obviously emotional, if non wholly impassioned, mode of representation.22 V.V.Vinogradov, developing Gorki # 8217 ; s statement that # 8220 ; Geniune art enjoys the right to overstate # 8221 ; , province that exaggeration is the jurisprudence of art which brings the bing phenomena of life, diffused as they are, to the point of maximal lucidity and conciseness.23 So, exaggeration is aimed at overstating measure or quality. It is a calculated hyperbole. In exaggeration there is transference of significance as there is disagreement with nonsubjective world. The words are no used in their direct sense. e.g. # 8220 ; I wish I had known it was your birthday, Lady Windermere, I would hold covered the whole street in forepart of your house with flowers for you to walk # 8221 ; . ( P. 24 ) # 8220 ; I have neer loved anyone in the universe but you # 8221 ; . ( p.34 ) In order to picture the grade of the love of his character Wilde resorts to the usage of these exaggerations. I think that the most of import map of exaggeration is the emotional expressiveness. e.g. # 8220 ; I have met 100s of good adult females # 8221 ; . ( p.71 ) # 8220 ; You have seen me with it a 100 times # 8221 ; . ( p.303 ) In these exaggerations Wilde uses the hyperbole of the quantitative facet. They make their manner non on the direct significance, but on the great emotional influence. But literary exaggeration is non the simple address figure. It is one of the most of import agencies of constructing up the secret plan of the text, the imagination and expressiveness. It is the transmittal of the writer # 8217 ; s thought. e.g. # 8220 ; I neer can believe a word you say! . # 8221 ; ( p.49 ) # 8220 ; He talks the whole clip # 8221 ; . ( p.115 ) # 8220 ; Well, you have been eating them all the clip # 8221 ; . ( p.284 ) In the literary sense exaggeration is the of import agencies of expressive address. Sometimes they are non perceived in their direct significance, but they at one time make the hapless and amusing consequence, as in the above-named illustrations. In general, literature has a changeless necessity in the artistic hyperbole of contemplation of the universe. e.g. # 8220 ; I would make anything in the universe to guarantee Gwendolen # 8217 ; s felicity # 8221 ; . ( p.284 ) # 8220 ; But now that I see you, I feel that nil in the whole universe would bring on me to populate under the same roof as Lord Windermere # 8221 ; . ( p.61 ) Hyperbole may be besides called the agency of artistic word picture. Hyperbole is a device which sharpens the reader # 8217 ; s ability to do a logical appraisal of the vocalization. In order to make his exaggerations Wilde utilizations such words as # 8220 ; 100s # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; 1000s # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; all the clip # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; nil in the universe # 8221 ; , etc. Wilde # 8217 ; s exaggerations bring the brightness, expressiveness and the emotional coloring material of the linguistic communication. Hyperbole is like a magnifying glass ; it helps to detect in inside informations the phenomena of life, in its worlds and contradictions. Metonymy In these four dramas we can besides detect some metonymies. Harmonizing to Prof. Galperin I.R. , metonymy is based on a different type of relation between the dictionary and contextual significances, a relation based non on designation, but on some sort of association linking the two constructs which these significances represent.24 Harmonizing to Prof. Sosnovskaya V.B. , units of poetic address called metonymy are besides based upon analogy. But in them there is an objectively bing relationship between the object named and the object implied.25 Harmonizing to Prof. Kukharenko V.A. , metonymy besides becomes instrumental in enriching the vocabulary of the linguistic communication and it is based on adjacency ( nearness ) of objects or phenomena.26 So, harmonizing to these three definitions, we can state that metonymy is a transference of intending based on a logical or physical connexion between things. In metonymy a thing is described by its action, its map or by some important characteristics. It is one of the agencies of organizing the new significances of words in the linguistic communication. e.g. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; a thing more tragic than all the cryings the universe has of all time shed # 8221 ; . ( p. 65 ) # 8220 ; She was austere to me, but she taught me what the universe is burying, the difference that there is between what is right and what is incorrect # 8221 ; . ( p. 26 ) # 8220 ; Do you believe earnestly that adult females who have committed what the universe calls a mistake should neer be forgiven? # 8221 ; ( p.27 ) In these three illustrations we can see the same metonymy, that is used by the same word # 8220 ; universe # 8221 ; . Here the writer means the people who love in the universe. Here we besides can see that container is used alternatively of the thing contained: # 8220 ; universe # 8221 ; alternatively of # 8220 ; people # 8221 ; . We can detect the same state of affairs on the undermentioned illustration: e.g. # 8220 ; The whole London knows it # 8221 ; . ( p.32 ) The writer means people populating in London, but non the metropolis as itself. Through the combination of metonymical inside informations and specifics Wilde creates the consequence of powerful upper-class society. The range of transference in metonymy is much more limited than that of metaphor, which is rather apprehensible: the range of human imaginativeness placing two objects on the evidences of expectedness of one of their countless features is